outline chapter 13 sec 2

western europe

1) A history of cultural divisions
France and Germany are the dominant countries of western Europe, (largest, have been best access to resources, ports and trade routes) other countries include Austria, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, and Belgium.
      A)
         1) Roman empire had conquered ceelecs tribes in France by 50 BC
         2) French is one of the most Roman languages evolved from latin
         3) in the 700th Charlamange a german king conquered most of the region
         4) his empire fell apart after his death
      B)
      1) Reformation was a religious movement during the renaissance when people questioned the church
      2) in 1517 Martin luther published 95 amendments that criticized church
      3) christians broke away from the catholic church and started protestant churches.
      4) hostility between the two led to a religious war that tore Europe apart.
      5)nFrance is primarily catholic and Germany is primarily predestinate

 II) the rise of nation states
  between the fall of Rome and the rennasance, a period known as the middle ages, Europeans developed the nation state, an independent nation containing common culture.

    A) nationalism
      1) After Roe fell Feudalism developed, feudalism is a political system in which locals controlled most of the land
      2) over time strong kings gained power over locals and nationalism arrived. nationalism is the belief that people should be loyalty there nation.
      3)France was one of the first nation states. 1st kings held absolute power. in 1789 people began a rebellion during the french revolution. later napoleon seized power and started to control europe
      4) From 1600 to 1945 wars broke out frequently between France, Austria, and Germany.
       5) Germany united in 1872
   

     B) Modern conflicts
       1) competition for colonies led to ww1
       2) the harsh terms imposed on Germany after the war led to the start of ww2
       3) During ww2 hitler and nazies led the german army
       4) the nazies carried out the holocaust, a mass murdering on 2 thirds the jews
       5)After the war Germany was split in two, west german non communist and east was communist by the soviet union.
      6) in 1989 anti communist reforms swept europe and in response to protests east germany opened the Berlin wall
      7) to end the rivalry between them germany and franced leaders in establishing European soviet.
   
    III) Economics, diversity, and luxury
   
       A) Agriculture to high tech
       1) farming and livestock important in belgum france the nether lands and sweeden
       2) France is the highest produce in western Europe
       3) France, germany and the netherlnds are three of Europes top manufacturing companies.
       4) Germany and the netherlands are important produces of electronics
       5) Germany also produces scientific equipment
       6) switserland is good at the banking industry.

       b) Tourism and luxury
       1) due to scenery, climate and historic sites, tourism in western Europe is popular and important part of french swiss and Austrien economy.
       2) Western Europe also experts luxury goods.
     
      IV) Great music and art
 A) Music
 1) German and Austria are famous for music
 2) Some German manuscript composers include Bach and Beethoven
 3) Austrian composers, Mozart

B) painting.
1) Jan Van eyck a painter from Flanders( region that is divided among France, netherlands, and belgium)
2) they perfected oil paintings
3) major french painters Claude Monet, paul cezzane and Paul gauguin.

V) modern life

A) city life
i  Good transportation systems
ii. Crime is lower here than in the U.S.
iii. More social than Americans
iv. Receive more paid vacation time

B) rescent conflicts
i. Race came into question when Germany denied jobs to ‘guest workers’ from Turkey
ii. Joerg Haider made comments supporting the Nazis, and had to step down from politics

Summary
France and Germany used to fight each other a lot since of them both wanting different languages/religions. Also each region makes a large living off what they sell. Germany its cars,  while swiss is watches. lastly the roman empire managed to start the united nations.

Pg 286 1-10

1) How do the mountain ranges of Europe impact the lives of the people who live near them?
they are big enough to stop cold winds, bad news is they are hard to get around.
2) Why are the rivers of Europe an important aspect of its Geography?
They can be used to transport through the big mountains. also good for trade.
3) Where are the most important oil fields of Europe located, and which countries pump oil from them? Was found in the north sea floor and was used by Uk, denmark, and netherlands
4) How do the prevailing westerlies affect the climate of Europe?
    They blow west to east bringing warm winds and rainfalls.
5) It has citrus due to hot, dry summers
6) Lichen and moss
7) Used to protect people and the lands from flooding
8) Transformed north sea arm into fresh water lake. this helped them gain more land.
9) industrial waste, sewage, and saltwater
10) they were chopped down in Europe to heat and build houses in Venice. They are used for supports underground that hold the houses up

project Europe country

Choose a country or place that you'd like to visit in Europe and
Italy
1) Discuss it's location, place, region.
 Italy covers an area of 301,338 km² (116,347 sq mi) and has a largely temperate climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as lo Stivale or the boot. its close to Austria, Switserland, Slovakia, and France. 
Absolute location 41.9000° N, 12.4833° E

2) Human-Environment interaction.
With 61 million inhabitants, it is the 5th most populous location in Europe.
Italy makes a living off what the sea provides since its surrounded by ocean. They also tend to have a lot of crop farms on the mountainous regions. Most italians eat dailysea food or traditional pasta like Sphagetti.
3) Find two photos of it.

4) Find one map that shows where it is located.

5) Find three interesting things about the country or place.
the name Italy comes from the word italia, meaning “calf land,” perhaps because the bull was a symbol of the Southern Italian tribes.
The capital of Italy is Rome (also known as the Eternal City) and is almost 3,000 years old. It has been the capital since 1871 and is home to the Dome of St. Peter's, the Sistine Chapel, and the famous Trevi Fountain
Italians suffer more earthquakes than any other Europeans. In 1693, an estimated 100,000 people died in an earthquake in Sicily. The most deadly recent quake in Italy occurred in Naples in 1980, killing 3,000 people.

 The coliseum

1) Why can Europe be called "a peninsula or peninsulas"?
because they have multiple peninsulas and different sizes.
2) What European islands are located in North Atlantic?  In the Mediterranean Sea?
Norway and Sweden.
3) How do mountains and uplands affect life in Europe?
They separate the regions in Europe like a boarder.
4) The Alps arc across what countries or places?
France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland,Austria, and northern balkan peninsula 
5) The Pyrenees are located where?
Spain and Portugul
6) Where does the Danube flow?
through belgrade, budapest bratislava, and leaves into the arctic sea
7) How are rivers used in Europe?
They are used for ships to carry cargo and passengers too through out Europe
8) What is the most important plain in Europe?
The northern European plain
9) Why is it important?
Holds vast amounts of agriculture crops and food for France, Germany, belgium, and netherlands
10) How are the landforms of Europe both an advantage and disadvantage?
Advantage is they help control weather. disadvantage makes it hard for people to take goods from place to place.
11) How did natural resources help Europe to become industrialized?
Gave large and multiple varieties of craops and goods to trade. Also fuel and peat.

1)   What crop did settlers first grow in Brazil and what effect did it have on the makeup of the population? Sugar cane, It brought in an increase on slaves because they learned it required a lot of workers to produce it.

2)   How do Brazil’s rivers contribute to its wealth?

hydro electric power and factories.

3)   How large is Brazil’s economic power?

7th because of it hosting olympics and world cup

4)   What is Brazil’s religion and language?

Catholic and Portuguese, rest of south America is Spanish

5)   What have been some obstacles to democratic government in South America?

6)   What is South America’s greatest economic success story (other than Brazil)?

Chile, 

7)   Who were the Inca?

A native group centered some where around Peru. Capable for good road systems and big buildings.

8)   What major groups blended into the area of the Caribbean?

Africans, being used for slavery. also Europeans and native people 

9)   What are some major sources of income in the economies of Central America and the Caribbean? Tourism, coal, gold, silver, and different types of trade

10)                   What are some forms of music that have evolved in the region of the Caribbean?

                   Tourism, coal, gold, silver, and different types of trade. Regae music 

11)                   Why is the Panama Canal important?  How did it come into existence?

                   Ships can go through the united states instead of around. America helped it start a revolution and soon Panama became independent.

12)                   What is the largest city in Mexico?  In South America?  In the World?

                    Mexico city, over twenty million, Say palo, Tokyo

13)                   What is the most important part of Mexico’s economy today?

                    

14)                   How have the Andes Mountains affected settlement in South America?

                   Pushes people to live on east coast because of the multiple mountains on west.

15)                   Why is the Amazon river important?

                    It moves more water than the seven largest rivers combined.

16)                  What two countries does the Orinoco River drain?

                  Venezuala and Columbia.

17)                  What is the dominant vegetation of the Amazon river basin?

                   Rain forests

18)                   What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of tourism to the South American community?

      A lot of the money that goes into South America doesn't stay there soon leading to a large difference in poverty and rich.

1) ITs made more of the population live on the east coast.
2) agriculture, farming, and live stock
3) The Bahamas, and the lesser/greater Antilles
4) Triniad and tobogo has a natural gas which helps bring developers
5) Columbia, Brazil, and Argentina
6) There are a lot of mountains that grow in the east coast, so most agriculture is found there.
7) Desert, Desert shrubs, and tropical grass lands.
8) the soil becomes exhausted from the process allowing crops to not grow.
9) cities have better medical care, paying jobs, and education.
10) what ever money the tourists waste just get sent back to other regions or countries instead of the place were it was wasted.

Ch 6 sec 2

1) What was the second most the average American's job in the early days of the United States?

Farmers
2) In what three areas is the U.S. a world leader?

Agriculture, manufacturing, services
3) What percentage of the world's corn do U.S farmers supply?

40 percent
4) What is the second mostly commonly spoken language in the U.S.?

Spainish
5) To what religious group do the majority of Americans belong?

christianity

6) What are some American cultural elements that have influenced the world?

art and movies
7) Where do the majority of Americans live?

In cities or suburbs surrounding them

8) What is the gender breakdown of the workforce in America?

60% of americans

9) Where are the industrial centers in the United States?

Washington D.C, Philidelphea.