1) Why did Shi Huangdi build a wall in northern China?
to keep invaders out 
2) How was China governed in its early history?
by multiple dynasties
3) What are some achievements China made in its early history?
they built the great wall,
4) When did Europeans begin exploration of China?13th century
5) How was Europe able to gain access to Chinese markets in the 19th century?
china had weak military and inefficient government
6) Which political group has held considerable power in China for the last 50 years?
communists 
7) What did the Communist party want for China's economy?
they wanted to modernize the economy.
8) Where does China get the resources that fuel the industrial economy?
shang hai
9) What item is especially popular as an export to the U.S.
tiles
10) Name two important Chinese inventions?
paper gun powder
11) What are the predominant religions of China?
budhism, teoism, configurisim
12) What is China's population?
about 1.34 billion

1) How long is the Great Wall of China?
about 5000 miles
2) Why was it built? And where does it run from and to?
to keep Mongolia invaders out, 
3) What are three natural barriers that have limited people's movement in East Asia?
mountains deserts and arctic zones
4) How large is the Gobi Desert?
 A 500,000 square miles
5) List two plains in Northern China.
 the gobi desert, and north china plain 
6) Name three rivers in China.
Hang he, Chang jiang, Xi jiang 
7) Where does the Huang begin and end?
started in kulan mountains, ends in yellow sea
8) How long is the Chang Jiang?
3,900 miles
9) What is the southernmost of the three great river systems of China?
The west river, Xi jiang
10) What are the natural resources of China?
coal, gold, copper, natural gas, silver
11) Which countries in East Asia would need to import coal or oil?
south and north korea, also mongolia
12) What effect might natural resources have had on the development of East Asia?
 it made it become self sufficient 
13) What is a typhoon and where does it occur?
a tropical storm and occurs in western pacifica 
14) What two words best describe the climates in the higher latitudes of East Asia?
cold and very dry
15) Where are most deserts found in East Asia?
takilimakan and gobi desert
16) Where are the tropical zones of East Asia found?
island of hunan and strip of land along china
17) What does typhoon mean in Chinese?  What other type of storm is a typhoon most like?
taaaifuing, graet wind storms.

1) What form of government did ancient Egypt have?
There were controlled by monarchs or pharos 
2) What practices did the ancient world acquire from Egypt?
Farming, building cities, and writing language.
3) How did Muslims gain control of North Africa?
 they had an army that swept through, lower egypt and then used there trading and bond zones to gain control.
4) What countries make up North Africa?
Alegria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, South Sudan, Sudan, and Tunisia found there    
5) How has North Africa's economic base evolved?
Its gaining help from oil whichs has increased its money.
6) Why has the oil industry failed to benefit local workers?
 Lybia cannot meet the demands of the oil due to inexperienced workers.
7) How are prices set for products sold at souks?
They are high priced but require haggling
8) How has rai music changed since its beginnings?
Its now a form of rebellion against islamic fun.
9) What was the traditional role for North African women?
look after the kids and clean the house.
10) What gains have Tunisian women made outside the home?
20% of woman hold a set in parliamentary

1) What were some early civilizations in East Africa?  Why were these civilizations important?
The aksum and kikawa, both of these were important traders
2) What happened at the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885?
it was used to give rules on how Africa was divided
3) What African countries managed to remain free of European control?
Ethiopia and libera
4) How did colonialism cause conflicts in East Africa after independence?
it managed to creat cultural division before europeans divided everything.
5) How did Ethiopia manage to defeat Italy in 1896?
they used weapons given from the french.
6) What are some cash crops of East Africa?
tea sugar and coffee
7) What is East Africa's most critical health-care problem.
theres a huge problem with aids
8) Research the Rwanda massacre (genocide?) and briefly discuss what happened and why.
there was a slaughter between the tutsi and hutu due to economical problems almost over 800,000 were killed.

Ch 16 section 1

History of expansion
Birth of an empire
1) Russia state was started between the Black and Baltic sea's
2) Russia was under raids by mongols until Ivan the great came and stopped them
3) The empire was soon able to expand and allow more people and cultures
Russia lags behind Western Europe
1) As Russia expanded it forgot to expand and develop in technology and science
2) peter the great tried changing this by moving capitol to St. petersburg
3) industrialization resulted in cruel conditions and poor pay which made every one angry at emperor czar
Rise and fall of Soviet union
1) during ww1 people revolted again czar and turned communism while being led by V.I Lennin
2) Soviet union left Moscow after that
3) cold war started due to US and USSR tension
4) Mikhali Goberchev ended cold war and communism and gave political and economic freedom

Building a command economy
An economic dream
1) people followed karl marx and it led to shared wealth and homes
A harsh reality
1) central government makes all important economic decisions
2) the government also decides what factories produce
3) Collective Farms - large teams of laborers would work together, it also  confirmed power over the countryside

A rich culture 
ethnicity and religion 
1) Russians make up 80% of Russia's population but 70 other groups of people live there too. 
Artistic genious
1) the golden age began when people mixed artistic ideas with others from the west.
2) Authors such as Aleksandr Pushkin and Feodor Dostoyevsky created dramatic scenes 
3) Socialist Realism promoted Soviet ideas 
Tradition and change in Russian life
more open society 
1) you can get movies, food, clothes, from all over
2) Russian Tradition still lives on, through food and other cultural ideas 
Dachas and Banyas
1) 30% own home in country for sum   mer
2)Banya - bathhouse with a dry sauna, steam bath, and a plunge into icy water
Summary 
Russia started out small but then slowly started growing under a viking rule. Its economy started out bad due to government. Now its slowly trying to better its self and is becoming more open to ideas.

Ch 15 section 3

The Shrinkng Aral Sea
a) between 1960and the present, the aril sea lost about 80 percent of its water.

A disappearing lake
a) the aril sea receives its water from the amu darya and the syr darya rivers
b) it loses most of its water by irrigating cotton fields.

Effects of agriculture
a) Agriculture practice is a problem because cotton growers use pesticides
b) runoff= rain fall not absorbed by the soil that runs into the stream and rivers.
c) of the 24 species of fish once found in the seas none are left now
d) retreating water led to pesticides and salt being free and then picked up by windstorms which harm  near by populations

saving the aril
a) to save the lake you would have to remove 9 out of the 18 million acres surrounding it.

The Russian Winter
Coping in siberia
a) more than 32 million people make there home in Siberia
b) temparatures have ranged from minus 90 to 94 in summer--- a span of 184 degrees
c) After the winter almost huge clouds of bugs come into the summer and attack the civilians
d) another problem is that the grounds start to unfreeze and sink taking any building or structures with them.
Crosssing the wild west
a) trans siberian railroad, used to make transport safer and easier for travel in siberia and wild west.

An enormous project
a) built a railroad that crosses 5,700 miles of land
b) had to clear almst 100,000 acres of forest to make the project

resource wealth in siberia
a) used the railroad to increase population and get more resources
b) by 1914 there was almost five million settler/farmers who lived in siberia.
c) made a lot of profit from discovered coal and iron ore deposits.

summary
despite the aril sea depleting slowly due to cotton fields the people are still living there using what ever resources they can. Siberia how ever seems to be growing quite nicely with the creation of an extensive rail system. Now siberia has a great economy despite the wealth being a set back.





























1) List three important cities that are located in the Northern European Plain.
Klev, Saint petersburg, and Moscow
2) What percentage of the region's population lives in this plain?
75%
3) What border do the Caucasus Mountains form? 
Russia and transcaucasia 
4) What are the two largest lakes in Central Asia?
aral and caspian seas
5) How long is the Volga River?
2,300 miles long
6) Why is Lake Baikal important?
it contains 20% of the worlds freshest water
7) What are some of the resources that have been developed in Russia and the Republics?
iron, coal, timber, natural gases
8) Why might extracting and transporting the region's resources be difficult?
Its cruel climate makes transporting goods difficult, also the permafrost makes it a challenge to get oils.

1) What percentage of water has the Aral Sea lost?
80%
2) Why has this water been lost?
water was being taken for irrigating the cotton fields
3) What other environmental problems affect the area?
 pesticides and chemicals from cotton growers that get carried away towards the lakes.
4) What would have to be done to keep the lake at its present level?
limit the amount of chemicals allowed and try to at least move the cotton farms further away from lakes.
5) What did you learn about Lake Biakal from the video?
its become a pure water supply thats trying to be protected from large tourisms, rich russians, and chemicals from a plant near it. but it is home to a land of seals and other wild life.
6) In the city of Verkhoyansk what extreme temperatures have been recorded?
-94 in winter too 90 in summer 184 temp span
7) How did Russia's harsh winter help the country in the 1800s (and during WWII)?
it was so cold that the invading forces couldn't stand the temperature resulting in a retreat
8) What made the building of the Trans-Siberian Railroad an enormous undertaking?
its about 5,700 miles and crosses 7 time zones
9) Research and find a major city in Siberia.  What is its population and major attractions? 
Krasnoyarsk, 1,035,528 people
atttractions Krasnoyarsk museum holding close to 480,000 items. Also has a national preserve.

1) Why can Europe be called a peninsula of peninsulas?
Its a bunch of small peninsulas that are not far apart from each other
2) Where does the Danube flow?
Cuts through heart of Europe from west to east, starts from black sea, and touches few countries like Belgrade to Vienna.
3) What is the most important plain in Europe?
The northern European plain 
4) What resources does Europe have in abundance?
Coal and iron deposits
5) Why do the Irish burn peat?
They burn is and use for fuel.
6) How are the landforms of Europe both an advantage and disadvantage?
it protects from cold tot warm the land, but makes it harder for transportation
7) What is the North Atlantic Drift?
A current of warm water from the tropics that flows near Europes west coast.
8) What parts of Europe benefit from the Mediterranean climate?
france, greece, spain,
9) Why do trees not grow in upper Scandinavia?
the lands usually permafrost
10) What percentage of the Netherlands was once under the sea?
40%
11) Why did Venice grow?
refugees used the inhospitable lands to make towns.
12) What problems face Venice today?
Polution in the water has caused erosion to affect venice's foundation to
13) What actions have led to deforestation in Europe?
trees being cut down for fuel and acid rain.
14) Why was Ancient Greece important?
had that first democracy 
15) What are some of Rome's cultural legacies?
left many religions and languages 
16) What were the crusades?
A bunch of wars that involved taking the holy lands
17) How has Mediterranean Europe's economy changed since WWII?
the economy swapped from agriculture to industry
18) Why are France and Germany the dominant countries of Western Europe?
 They are the largest and have best access to trade and resources .
19) How did language differences develop in Western Europe?
roman and german languages evolved from normal languages in history.
20) Why was the Berlin Wall built?  When did it come down?
It was used to separate east and west germany and separate capitalism and communism. it came down in 1989.
21) List the four sub-region of Europe.  Be able to list the countries in each sub-region?
mediteranean, western, northern, also eastern.
22) What is the history of Northern Europe?
started with vikings doing hit and run attics on villages that scattered them throughout the land.
23)  What country in Northern Europe chose not to join the EU?
Norway
24) Where did the industrial revolution start?
Britain 
25) Why has there been turmoil in Eastern Europe?
  cultural tension
26) What problems existed in the Eastern European economy under Communist rule?
outdated technology, racism, 
27) How did the Reformation create new cultural divisions?
led to christens branching off and making protestant churches.

1) How do people in your country feel about EU membership?
Our people are enjoying being in the EU its helping us.
2) How might future expansion affect the economies of your country?
It may drain most of our money/funds and lead to corrupt economy.
3) What potential problems face nations who want to adopt the euro??
Despite the Euro being a poor decline its the only good currency. Its the only thing we can use.
4) What political or cultural issues might arise because of the EU expansion?
there are new areas that want to be brought into the Eu, but this could be more of a problem than asset for our resources
5) What did you learn about other countries through their presentations (list two distinct and detailed things).
Albania has a very corrupt and bad government.
Romania doesn't have the euro, but wants to use it despite the down fall its having.

ch 13 sec-3

I) Seafairing conquerers

A)Early conquerers
i) Most of the people settled in Northern Europe.
ii) Ancient Britain used to be invaded a lot by many people
iii)  In 795 a group of sea fairing warriors from Denmark, Norway and Sweeden terrorized Europe.
iv) in 1066 William the conquer of Normandy took over Europe and ruled it.
v) Later Normans spoke french and over time english language.
B) dreams of Empire
i) Denmark, Sweeden, and Norway each became kingdom during the 900s
ii) Sweeden was the most powerful but no nordic country was a superpower.
iii) England took control over its neighbors, Wales, Ireland, and scotland, by 1800s they all became the united kingdom.

II) moving into modern age
i)  Britain helped develop representative government and started the industrial revolution.

A) representative government
i) Britain is a Monarchy that also has a parliament
ii) Parlament is a representative lawmaking body whose members are elected or appointed
iii) Nordric countries have the oldest parliament that started since 930
B) Industrial revolution
i) Britain started it by having deposits of iron ore and coal.
ii) This industry helped britian expand there empire.
iii) Soon the revolution spread to Germany, France, Belgium, and the united states.
iv) magna carter was a document that put nobles below the law.
C) Since 1900
i) Britain played a great role in both World wars, fighting as one of the victorious Allies.
ii) After ww2 most of the british colonies gained independence.
iii)

III) Economics diversity and change

A) industry and resources
i) Sweeden and united kingdom are same when it comes to manufacturing, like motor vehicles and aero space industries.
ii) both also produce pharmaceutical, food, and paper products.
iii) Sweeden exports timber, iceland with fishing, and norway from north sea ocean.
B) high-tech
i) Irelands economy is making a major advanced in technology like computer software
ii) a section between Scotland and Glasgow is known as silicon glen because it has so many high tech companies.
iii) Now Scotlands economy depends on service industries.
C)
i) almost all of the nations have joined the EU except Norway
ii) a common currency made in Europe is the Euro.
iii)Denmark tried to achieve its own currency but failed.

IV) Cultural similarities and modern art

A) similar languages and religions
i) most of them speak germanic languages
ii) the reformation swept through Europe and turned most of them into protestant.
B) Arts
i) theres a Norwegian playwright called Henrik Ibsen that is called father of modern drama

V) Life in Northern Europe
A) Social welfare
i) Northern Europe has universal healthcare
B) Distinctive customs
i) Brits are known for afternoon tea
ii) Finns are known for there saunas
C) Leisure
i) Brits enjoy horse back riding and Fox hunting
ii) They made rugby and cricket.
Summary
In the beginning a group of vikings found and terrorized northern Europe. it ended when the conqueror William came and took over Normandy. Britain was responsible for the industrial revolution. Soon a reformation came and turned most of Northern Europe Protestant.

ch 13 review sec 3

1) Where did the industrial Revolution begin and to where did it spread?
Britain and spread throughout Europe.
2) What are some characteristics of governments in Northern Europe?
Most of them became an united nation known as EU
3) How did conquest influence the languages spoken in Northern Europe?
It got them to start speaking france or germanic languages
4) How did the industrial Revolution spur the growth of the British Empire?
It made them trade more raw materials.
5) How did the Reformation affect Northern Europe?
It tuned half into prodestant and other into catholic.
6) Who are some important writers from Northern Europe?
Henrick ibsen, William Wadsworth, Shakespeare.
7) What Northern European country did not join the EU?  Why?
Norway
8) What was the Magna Carta?  Why is it important?
 A document that put nobles below the law.
9) What are the countries of Northern Europe? 

1) What did you learn about EU countries in this section?
It is being led by powerful rulers from France and Germany and its helped stop the fighting between the two.
2) How do language and religion reflect the cultural division in Western Europe?
It tends to cause wars or feuds between France and Germany.w
3) Which Western European leaders tried to unify Europe through conquest?
First attempt was made by charlamagne, he died though and soon it led to smaller kingdoms, then napoleon tried but also failed. last was hitler but he was defeated by allies.
4) In what way does Western Europe have a diverse economy?
They sell food, cars, watches, clothes and many other things that offer variety.
5) What was the Reformation?
It was a time she christians broke away from there church and became protestant.
6) What was the Holocaust?
A awful time when nazis led by hitler started killin one third the population of European jews.
7) What was the Berlin Wall?
A stone wall that divided Gearmany into east and west, West being ruled by the germany union and the other not.
8) What are some characteristics of Modern Life in Western Europ?
They tend to have a high standard of living and can afford good materials like cars/computers.
Remember to write three things that you learned that were interesting and one question.
didn't realized swiss made watches.
didn't realize religion caused wars between the France and Germany 
Didn't realize that the netherlands was usually submerged under the ocean.
By what year did Napoleon control most of Europe? 1812

outline chapter 13 sec 2

western europe

1) A history of cultural divisions
France and Germany are the dominant countries of western Europe, (largest, have been best access to resources, ports and trade routes) other countries include Austria, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, and Belgium.
      A)
         1) Roman empire had conquered ceelecs tribes in France by 50 BC
         2) French is one of the most Roman languages evolved from latin
         3) in the 700th Charlamange a german king conquered most of the region
         4) his empire fell apart after his death
      B)
      1) Reformation was a religious movement during the renaissance when people questioned the church
      2) in 1517 Martin luther published 95 amendments that criticized church
      3) christians broke away from the catholic church and started protestant churches.
      4) hostility between the two led to a religious war that tore Europe apart.
      5)nFrance is primarily catholic and Germany is primarily predestinate

 II) the rise of nation states
  between the fall of Rome and the rennasance, a period known as the middle ages, Europeans developed the nation state, an independent nation containing common culture.

    A) nationalism
      1) After Roe fell Feudalism developed, feudalism is a political system in which locals controlled most of the land
      2) over time strong kings gained power over locals and nationalism arrived. nationalism is the belief that people should be loyalty there nation.
      3)France was one of the first nation states. 1st kings held absolute power. in 1789 people began a rebellion during the french revolution. later napoleon seized power and started to control europe
      4) From 1600 to 1945 wars broke out frequently between France, Austria, and Germany.
       5) Germany united in 1872
   

     B) Modern conflicts
       1) competition for colonies led to ww1
       2) the harsh terms imposed on Germany after the war led to the start of ww2
       3) During ww2 hitler and nazies led the german army
       4) the nazies carried out the holocaust, a mass murdering on 2 thirds the jews
       5)After the war Germany was split in two, west german non communist and east was communist by the soviet union.
      6) in 1989 anti communist reforms swept europe and in response to protests east germany opened the Berlin wall
      7) to end the rivalry between them germany and franced leaders in establishing European soviet.
   
    III) Economics, diversity, and luxury
   
       A) Agriculture to high tech
       1) farming and livestock important in belgum france the nether lands and sweeden
       2) France is the highest produce in western Europe
       3) France, germany and the netherlnds are three of Europes top manufacturing companies.
       4) Germany and the netherlands are important produces of electronics
       5) Germany also produces scientific equipment
       6) switserland is good at the banking industry.

       b) Tourism and luxury
       1) due to scenery, climate and historic sites, tourism in western Europe is popular and important part of french swiss and Austrien economy.
       2) Western Europe also experts luxury goods.
     
      IV) Great music and art
 A) Music
 1) German and Austria are famous for music
 2) Some German manuscript composers include Bach and Beethoven
 3) Austrian composers, Mozart

B) painting.
1) Jan Van eyck a painter from Flanders( region that is divided among France, netherlands, and belgium)
2) they perfected oil paintings
3) major french painters Claude Monet, paul cezzane and Paul gauguin.

V) modern life

A) city life
i  Good transportation systems
ii. Crime is lower here than in the U.S.
iii. More social than Americans
iv. Receive more paid vacation time

B) rescent conflicts
i. Race came into question when Germany denied jobs to ‘guest workers’ from Turkey
ii. Joerg Haider made comments supporting the Nazis, and had to step down from politics

Summary
France and Germany used to fight each other a lot since of them both wanting different languages/religions. Also each region makes a large living off what they sell. Germany its cars,  while swiss is watches. lastly the roman empire managed to start the united nations.

Pg 286 1-10

1) How do the mountain ranges of Europe impact the lives of the people who live near them?
they are big enough to stop cold winds, bad news is they are hard to get around.
2) Why are the rivers of Europe an important aspect of its Geography?
They can be used to transport through the big mountains. also good for trade.
3) Where are the most important oil fields of Europe located, and which countries pump oil from them? Was found in the north sea floor and was used by Uk, denmark, and netherlands
4) How do the prevailing westerlies affect the climate of Europe?
    They blow west to east bringing warm winds and rainfalls.
5) It has citrus due to hot, dry summers
6) Lichen and moss
7) Used to protect people and the lands from flooding
8) Transformed north sea arm into fresh water lake. this helped them gain more land.
9) industrial waste, sewage, and saltwater
10) they were chopped down in Europe to heat and build houses in Venice. They are used for supports underground that hold the houses up

project Europe country

Choose a country or place that you'd like to visit in Europe and
Italy
1) Discuss it's location, place, region.
 Italy covers an area of 301,338 km² (116,347 sq mi) and has a largely temperate climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as lo Stivale or the boot. its close to Austria, Switserland, Slovakia, and France. 
Absolute location 41.9000° N, 12.4833° E

2) Human-Environment interaction.
With 61 million inhabitants, it is the 5th most populous location in Europe.
Italy makes a living off what the sea provides since its surrounded by ocean. They also tend to have a lot of crop farms on the mountainous regions. Most italians eat dailysea food or traditional pasta like Sphagetti.
3) Find two photos of it.

4) Find one map that shows where it is located.

5) Find three interesting things about the country or place.
the name Italy comes from the word italia, meaning “calf land,” perhaps because the bull was a symbol of the Southern Italian tribes.
The capital of Italy is Rome (also known as the Eternal City) and is almost 3,000 years old. It has been the capital since 1871 and is home to the Dome of St. Peter's, the Sistine Chapel, and the famous Trevi Fountain
Italians suffer more earthquakes than any other Europeans. In 1693, an estimated 100,000 people died in an earthquake in Sicily. The most deadly recent quake in Italy occurred in Naples in 1980, killing 3,000 people.

 The coliseum

1) Why can Europe be called "a peninsula or peninsulas"?
because they have multiple peninsulas and different sizes.
2) What European islands are located in North Atlantic?  In the Mediterranean Sea?
Norway and Sweden.
3) How do mountains and uplands affect life in Europe?
They separate the regions in Europe like a boarder.
4) The Alps arc across what countries or places?
France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland,Austria, and northern balkan peninsula 
5) The Pyrenees are located where?
Spain and Portugul
6) Where does the Danube flow?
through belgrade, budapest bratislava, and leaves into the arctic sea
7) How are rivers used in Europe?
They are used for ships to carry cargo and passengers too through out Europe
8) What is the most important plain in Europe?
The northern European plain
9) Why is it important?
Holds vast amounts of agriculture crops and food for France, Germany, belgium, and netherlands
10) How are the landforms of Europe both an advantage and disadvantage?
Advantage is they help control weather. disadvantage makes it hard for people to take goods from place to place.
11) How did natural resources help Europe to become industrialized?
Gave large and multiple varieties of craops and goods to trade. Also fuel and peat.